How to Safely DIY Softwash a Shingled Roof A Step-by-Step Guide(2024)

Introduction:

Ever looked up at your roof and thought, “Yikes, when did it get so grimy?” You're not alone! A staggering 80% of homeowners neglect their roofs until it's too late. But fear not! I'm here to walk you through the art of DIY softwashing your shingled roof. It's easier than you think, and boy, the results are worth it! Ready to transform your roof from grimy to gleaming? Let's dive in!

Key Takeaways: DIY Softwashing Your Shingled Roof

1. Understand Softwashing: It's crucial to grasp the concept of softwashing, a gentle, low-pressure cleaning method that uses specialized solutions to clean your roof without damaging shingles. This understanding will empower you to confidently undertake this task.
2. Prioritize Safety: Always wear proper safety gear, including a harness, non-slip shoes, goggles, and gloves. Never work on a wet or slippery roof.
3. Use the Right Equipment: To ensure a successful softwash, it's essential to invest in a low-pressure sprayer designed for soft washing and a durable, kink-resistant hose. Having the right tools will make you feel prepared and ready to tackle the job.
4. Mix the Cleaning Solution Carefully: A typical mixture includes water, bleach, dish soap, and sometimes white vinegar or TSP. Always test on a small area first.
5. Apply Solution Properly: Start from the bottom of the roof and work your way up, ensuring you cover all areas evenly. Use a gentle, even spray pattern to avoid damaging the shingles. Keep the sprayer at a safe distance to maintain the low-pressure effect.
6. Allow Proper Dwell Time: Let the solution sit for 15-20 minutes, but don't let it dry completely. Mist with water if necessary.
7. Rinse Thoroughly: Use a garden hose to rinse from top to bottom, ensuring all cleaning solution is removed.
8. Protect Your Surroundings: Cover plants and grass with plastic sheeting to prevent damage from runoff.
9. Maintain Regularly: By cleaning your roof annually and watching for signs of algae or moss growth, you're taking a proactive step in maintaining your home. This responsible approach will help you keep your roof in top condition.
10. Prevention is Key: Consider installing zinc or copper strips along the roof peak to deter algae and moss growth.
11. Know Your Limits: If you're uncomfortable with any part of the process or notice damaged shingles, don't hesitate to call professionals.

Remember, a well-maintained roof looks great and extends the life of your home's most crucial protective feature. Happy Software

Understanding Softwashing: The Gentle Giant of Roof Cleaning

Oh boy, let me tell you about soft washing. It's like the gentle giant of roof cleaning, and I learned about it the hard way. A few years back, I decided to tackle the green gunk on my roof with a pressure washer. It was a big mistake.

I climbed up there, power washer in hand, feeling like a DIY superhero. I was going to blast that moss into oblivion! Well, it turns out I nearly blasted my shingles into oblivion, too. Oops. That's when I discovered softwashing, and it was a total game-changer.

So, what's the deal with soft washing? It's basically a low-pressure cleaning method that uses specialized solutions, typically a mix of water, bleach, and other cleaning agents, to clean your roof without damaging it. Unlike pressure washing, which can strip your shingles faster than a toddler unwrapping birthday presents, soft washing is all about the chemistry.

The cleaning solution does most of the work, breaking down algae, moss, and other gunk that makes your roof look like it's growing a beard. And let me tell you, that stuff can really damage your shingles if you let it hang around too long.

Here's the kicker: soft washing isn't just gentler on your roof; it actually lasts longer than pressure washing. I know, right? Mind-blown. The chemicals used in soft washing keep working for a while after application, which means your roof stays cleaner for longer. It's like the gift that keeps on giving, providing long-term benefits and giving you confidence in your investment.

Now, I'm not gonna lie—when I first heard about soft washing, I was skeptical. I mean, how could something so gentle be effective? But after seeing the results on my own roof (and my neighbor's and my sister's…), I'm a total convert.

One thing that really surprised me was how versatile soft washing is. It's not just for asphalt shingles. You can use it on all roofing materials—tile, metal, and even those fancy cedar shakes. Just make sure you're using the right solution for your roof type. Trust me, you don't want to mess that up. This versatility empowers you with the knowledge to make the best choice for your roof.

Oh, here's a pro tip I learned the hard way: only try to mix your soft washing solution if you know what you're doing. I thought I could save a few bucks by whipping up my concoction, but my plants weren't too happy with me after that little experiment. Stick to the professionally formulated stuff, like those specifically designed for roof cleaning, okay?

Now, I know what you're thinking—”But isn't pressure washing faster?” Sure, it might seem that way at first. But when you factor in the potential damage, such as stripping the protective granules from your shingles, and the fact that you'll probably need to clean more often, soft washing is actually a time-saver in the long run.

Plus, there's something oddly satisfying about watching the grime melt away without all that noise and water splashing everywhere. It's like giving your roof a spa day instead of putting it through boot camp.

Look, at the end of the day, your roof is a significant investment. It's literally what's keeping the rain off your head (and your fancy new TV). So why wouldn't you treat it with a little TLC? Softwashing is like giving your roof a gentle massage instead of beating it with a stick. And trust me, your roof will thank you for it. The relief and peace of mind it brings, knowing your roof is being cleaned gently and effectively, is truly priceless.

So next time you look up at your roof and think it needs a good cleaning, remember the gentle giant of roof cleaning. Your shingles (and your wallet) will thank you. And hey, you might even impress the neighbors with your newfound roof-cleaning wisdom. Try not to get too carried away explaining the finer points of low-pressure cleaning systems at the next block party, okay?

Safety First: Preparing for Your DIY Softwash Adventure

Alright, folks, buckle up because we're about to talk safety. And I know what you're thinking—”Ugh, safety talk, boring!” But trust me, when it comes to DIY soft washing your roof, safety isn't just important; it's downright crucial. I learned this hard, and I have a story for you.

So picture this: It's a beautiful Saturday morning, birds are chirping, and I'm feeling all gung-ho about cleaning my roof. I grab my ladder and my cleaning solution and head out without a second thought. This is a big mistake. But it's a mistake I've learned from, and now I'm here to share my experience with you so you can avoid the same pitfalls.

First things first, let's talk about the weather. I picked a day that looked perfect – sunny, not too hot. What I should have accounted for was the morning dew. Yep, you guessed it. One step on that slippery roof, and suddenly, I'm doing an impromptu dance routine that would've gone viral if anyone had been filming. Lesson learned: always check the forecast and wait for your roof to dry completely.

Now, let's chat about gear. You know those old sneakers you've been meaning to throw out? Please leave them in the closet. Proper footwear with good traction is a must. I now swear by my rubber-soled boots. They grip that roof like a koala on a eucalyptus tree.

And folks, please wear safety goggles and gloves for the love of all that is holy. I once got a splash of cleaning solution in my eye while mixing it. Let's say it wasn't a fun trip to the ER, and my wife still hasn't let me live it down.

Here's a pro tip: invest in a safety harness. Yeah, it feels over-the-top, like you're gearing up to climb Everest instead of just cleaning your roof. But trust me, that harness is a lifesaver – literally. It's like having a guardian angel strapped to your back.

Now, let's talk ladders. You might think any old ladder will do, but you'd need to be corrected. I once tried using a rickety stepladder that my grandpa passed down—a bad idea. Halfway up, it started wobbling like a drunk flamingo. Now, I use a sturdy extension ladder, always making sure it extends at least 3 feet above the roof edge.

I learned something else: never, ever softwash your roof alone. Always have a buddy on the ground. Not only can they hold the ladder steady, but they're also there in case something goes wrong. Plus, having someone to chat with while you work is way more fun.

One thing that often gets overlooked is power line awareness. I nearly had a heart attack when I realized how close I was to some electrical lines. Now, I always scout out my work area before I start. If power lines are too close for comfort, it's time to call in the pros.

And let's remember to protect your surroundings. The first time I soft-washed, I ended up with a very clean roof and very dead flowers. Oops. Now, I always cover my plants and grass with plastic sheeting. It's like giving your garden a little raincoat.

Oh, and here's a tidbit that might surprise you: sun protection is crucial. You're exposed up there; trust me, a sunburned scalp is no joke. A wide-brimmed hat is your best friend. I learned this after spending a week looking like a cooked lobster.

Lastly, take into account the importance of staying hydrated. Getting so caught up in the task is easy that you forget to drink water. I now keep a water bottle with me at all times. Dehydration and rooftops don't mix, folks.

Remember, preparation is critical. Take the time to set up correctly, double-check your equipment, and make sure you're comfortable before you start. It might seem like overkill, but believe me, it's worth it. The relief and peace of mind that come with proper preparation are invaluable, making your DIY softwash adventure a safe and enjoyable one.

So there you have it, my friends. Safety might not be the most exciting topic, but it keeps us DIY enthusiasts alive to tackle another project. And hey, think of it this way: the safer you are, the more roofs you'll be able to clean in your lifetime. Now go forth and softwash, but do it safely! And when you're done, you can stand back and admire your clean, safe work with a sense of pride and accomplishment.

Gather Your Arsenal: Tools and Materials for Softwashing

Okay, let's talk about gearing up for your soft washing adventure. Trust me, having the right tools and materials is like being a knight with a complete armor set—you're ready to tackle that dragon of a dirty roof!

First things first, let's chat about the sprayer. I made the rookie mistake of thinking my garden sprayer would do the trick. Spoiler alert: it didn't. It would be best to have a low-pressure sprayer designed explicitly for soft washing. I learned this the hard way when my garden sprayer started leaking all over me. It's not fun, folks. It's not fun at all.

I invested in a good-quality 12V electric sprayer, and let me tell you, it was a game-changer. It's like upgrading from a squirt gun to a fire hose—except, you know, gentler. Remember, we're soft washing here, not pressure washing!

Now, onto hoses. You might think any old garden hose will do, but you'd be wrong. I once used a cheap hose that kinked more often than a bad back. Nightmare! Get yourself a durable, kink-resistant hose. Your future self will thank you when you're not constantly climbing down the ladder to unkink the darn thing.

Let's talk safety gear. I cannot stress this enough – don't skimp on this stuff! You'll need: • A sturdy safety harness (I like to think of it as my superhero utility belt) • Non-slip shoes (your roof isn't a dance floor, folks) • Safety goggles (trust me, you don't want cleaning solution in your eyes) • Chemical-resistant gloves (your hands will thank you) • A respirator mask (because breathing in cleaning fumes is no bueno)

Oh, and remember a wide-brimmed hat. I once skipped the hat and ended up with a sunburn so bad that my kids called me “Tomato Head” for a week.

Now, let's get into the fun stuff – the cleaning solution. This is where the magic happens, people! You can buy pre-mixed solutions, but I like to mix my own. It's like being a mad scientist but for roof cleaning.

Here's my go-to recipe: • 1 gallon of water • 1 cup of bleach (the non-splash kind) • 1/3 cup of dish soap (I use Dawn, but any will do) • A splash of white vinegar (trust me on this one)

Mix it all, and voila! You have a cleaning concoction that'll make algae run for the hills.

But here's a pro tip: always, ALWAYS test your solution on a small, inconspicuous area first. I learned this the hard way when I accidentally discolored a patch of my roof. This step is crucial as it helps you understand the effect of the solution on your roof and prevents any potential damage. Oops.

Oh, and let's remember about tarps. You'll need these to protect your plants and landscaping. The first time I softwashed, I didn't use tarps. My wife's prized roses looked like they'd been through chemical warfare, and she wasn't pleased, to say the least.

One thing that often gets overlooked is a good ladder stabilizer. It's like training wheels for your ladder, keeping it steady and secure. After a close call with me clinging to the roof like a scared cat, I never climbed without one now. A ladder stabilizer is essential as it prevents the ladder from wobbling, ensuring your safety while climbing.

And here's something I wish someone had told me earlier – get some binoculars! They're great for checking your work from the ground. No more squinting and wondering if you missed a spot.

Lastly, remember a bucket of water and some rags. They're handy for quick clean-ups and spills. Because, let's face it, accidents happen. I once dropped my sprayer and created a foamy mess that looked like a bubble bath exploded on my lawn.

Remember, gathering your arsenal isn't just about having the right tools – it's about being prepared. Each item is there to make your job easier and safer, giving you the confidence to tackle your softwashing project. And trust me, when you're up on that roof, you'll be glad you took the time to prepare everything.

So there you have it, folks! Your soft washing toolkit. With these tools and materials, you'll be ready to transform your roof from grimy to gleaming, bringing a new life to your home. Just remember, the most important tool is between your ears—use your common sense and stay safe up there!

The Softwash Process: From Grimy to Gleaming

Alright, folks, let's dive into the nitty-gritty of softwashing! This is where the magic happens, turning your roof from “new” to “ooh” in no time. I've been through this process more times than I can count, and I will share all my hard-earned wisdom with you.

First, mix the cleaning solution. I know it's tempting to throw everything together like you're making a cocktail, but precision matters here. I learned this the hard way when I eyeballed the measurements and ended up with a weak solution that couldn't clean a teacup, let alone a roof.

Here's my tried-and-true recipe:

1. Start with 4 gallons of water in a large bucket.
2. Add 1 gallon of 12.5% sodium hypochlorite (fancy name for bleach).
3. Mix 8 ounces of surfactant (I use Dawn dish soap, but any will do).
4. Finally, add 1/4 cup of TSP (trisodium phosphate).

Stir it all together gently – we're not making a smoothie here! And for Pete's sake, wear those gloves and goggles. I once got a splash in my eye and spent the next hour looking like I was auditioning for a pirate movie.

Now, onto the application. This isn't a “spray and pray” situation, folks. You'd like to apply the solution evenly, starting from the bottom and working your way up. Yeah, I know it seems counterintuitive, but trust me. I once started at the top and ended up with streaks that made my roof look like a zebra.

You can use a low-pressure sprayer set to a wide fan pattern. You're aiming for a gentle mist, not a power wash. Think of it like watering delicate flowers, not blasting graffiti off a wall. And remember those hard-to-reach spots! I once missed a corner, and it stood out like a sore thumb. My neighbor Bob didn't let me hear the end of it for weeks.

Here's a pro tip: work in sections. I usually divide my roof into quadrants and tackle one at a time. It helps keep things manageable and ensures you get all the spots. Plus, it gives you natural break points if you need to rest. Remember, Rome wasn't cleaned in a day!

Now, let's talk about dwell time. This is where patience comes into play, folks. The solution needs time to do its thing. It's like marinating a steak – you can't rush perfection. Generally, you want to let it sit for about 15-20 minutes.

But here's the kicker—you can't let it dry out completely. If it does, you're back to square one. I learned this the hard way when I got distracted by a squirrel circus in my backyard (don't ask) and came back to a half-dried roof. I had to start all over again. It was not fun.

So, keep an eye on it. If it starts to dry, give it a light water mist to keep it active. It's like babysitting but for your roof. And trust me, it's worth the wait. This dwell time is when the actual cleaning happens. The solution is breaking down all that gunk, making it easy to rinse away.

When rinsing, you can use a garden hose with a spray nozzle. Please start at the top this time (I know we're switching it up) and work your way down. You want to rinse thoroughly – no solution left behind! I once didn't rinse properly and ended up with weird white streaks. My roof looked like it had dandruff for weeks.

Here's something that might surprise you – you might wait to see the results. Don't panic! Sometimes, it takes a day or two for the full effects to show. I thought I'd failed miserably the first time this happened to me. But lo and behold, two days later, my roof was gleaming like a diamond in the rough.

And there you have it, folks! From grimy to gleaming in just a few (okay, several) easy steps. Remember, softwashing is as much an art as it is a science. It takes practice to get it just right. But when you do, oh boy, is it satisfying. There's nothing quite like the feeling of standing back and admiring your handiwork – a roof so clean you could eat off it (but please don't, that's weird).

Just remember to take your time, follow the steps, and, most importantly, enjoy the process. Happy soft washing, everyone!

Rinse and Shine: Completing Your Roof Transformation

Alright, folks, we're in the home stretch now! It's time to rinse and shine; let me tell you, this is where the magic happens. It's like the grand finale of a fireworks show, except instead of “oohs” and “aahs,” you'll hear the sweet sound of water washing away all that gunk.

Now, I've got to be honest with you. The first time I got to this stage, I was so excited I nearly fell off the roof. Don't be like me, okay? Safety first, even when you're on the verge of roof-cleaning greatness. Always use a sturdy ladder, wear non-slip shoes, and have someone else present in case of an emergency.

Let's start with the rinsing technique. You might think, “Hey, it's just water; how hard can it be?” I just wanted to tell you about when I felt the same thing and created a mini-waterfall off my roof that would've made Niagara Falls jealous. My basement could have been happier about that one.

The key is to start at the roof's peak and work your way down in a smooth, controlled manner. Think of it like you're painting but with water. You want nice, even strokes. I use a garden hose with an adjustable nozzle—nothing fancy, but it gets the job done. Make sure to cover the entire roof surface, moving from one end to the other in a systematic manner.

Here's a pro tip: keep the water pressure low. We're not trying to blast the shingles off here. Remember, we did all that gentle soft washing earlier, so there's no need to go all Rambo with the hose now.

As you rinse, look for stubborn spots where the algae are clinging on for dear life, like the last avocado at the grocery store. Give these spots a little extra attention, but resist the urge to scrub. Remember, patience is key here. If a place isn't coming clean with gentle rinsing, it might need another round of soft washing. Don't rush, take your time and the results will be worth it.

Here's something I learned the hard way – could you ensure you're rinsing ALL the cleaning solution off? Every. Last. Bit. I once thought I'd done a thorough job, only to have a rainstorm reactivate some leftover solution a week later. My roof looked like it was having an identity crisis, half clean and half… well, not so clean. This is why it's crucial to rinse off all the solutions to prevent any potential issues in the future.

Oh, and while we're on thoroughness, remember the gutters! All that gunk we've been cleaning off has to go somewhere, and much of it ends up in the gutters. Please give them a good flush to prevent clogs. Trust me, future you will thank present you when the next rainstorm hits and your gutters aren't overflowing like a toddler's bubble bath.

Once you've rinsed everything off, take a step back (carefully!) and admire your work. But wait to get comfortable! This is where the inspection comes in. I like to wait until the roof is completely dry before final checking. It's like those “spot the difference” puzzles, but it's way more satisfying.

Look for any areas that might have been missed. Sometimes, it's easy to overlook a spot, especially on larger roofs. I missed a whole corner and noticed when my neighbor pointed it out. It's a good reminder of the importance of being thorough in our work. A diligent inspection ensures a job well done.

If you do find any missed spots, please don't worry. It happens to the best of us. Just treat those areas individually with a bit more solution and rinse again. It's like touch-up painting but for your roof.

Here's something that might surprise you – your roof might need to look more perfectly clean immediately. Don't freak out! Sometimes, it takes a few days for the full effects of the cleaning to show. I was convinced I'd done something wrong the first time this happened to me. But lo and behold, my roof shone brighter a week later than my bald spot in the summer sun.

And there you have it, folks! Your roof has gone from grimy to gleaming. Take a moment to bask in the glory of your accomplishment. You've transformed your home's crowning glory from a mossy mess to a clean, mean curb appeal machine. You should be proud of your hard work and dedication!

Just remember, a clean roof is a happy roof, and a happy roof makes for a happy homeowner. So go on, grab a cold one, kick back in your yard, and admire your handiwork. You've earned it! Just try not to spend too much time staring at your roof—the neighbors might start to talk.

Aftercare and Maintenance: Keeping Your Roof Spotless

Now that we've got your roof looking spiffier than a penguin in a tuxedo, folks, let's talk about keeping it that way. Trust me, I've learned a thing or two about roof maintenance over the years, and I'm here to spill the beans.

First things first, let's talk about frequency. How often should you be up there, playing roof detective? Well, it depends. If your roof were a teenager, it'd need constant attention. But since it's not (thank goodness), once a year usually does the trick. I learned this the hard way when I went overboard and cleaned my roof every month for a year. By the end, my shingles were cleaner than a whistle but thinner than my patience on a Monday morning.

Now, here's a nugget of wisdom: prevention is critical. You want to stop those pesky algae and moss from thinking about setting up shop on your roof. It's like being the bouncer at the hottest club in town, except the VIP list is for sunshine and rain only.

One trick I swear by is installing zinc or copper strips along the peak of your roof. These bad boys release ions when it rains, creating an environment that algae and moss hate more than I wouldn't say I like early morning alarm clocks. It's like giving your roof its bodyguard.

But let's be honest, sometimes nature finds a way (cue the Jurassic Park theme). That's why you must keep your eyes peeled for signs that your roof needs cleaning. Look out for dark streaks, green patches, or anything growing. If your roof starts to look like it's trying to grow a beard, it's time for action.

I once ignored some small green patches, thinking, “Eh, it adds character.” Fast forward a few months, and my roof looked like it was auditioning for a Chia Pet commercial. Don't be like me, folks. Could you nip it in the bud?

Now, let's talk about gutters. I know, I know, nobody likes cleaning gutters. It's as fun as watching paint dry while standing in line at the DMV. But trust me, it's crucial. Clogged gutters can lead to water backup, and that's a one-way ticket to Leak City, population: your living room.

I try to clean my gutters at least twice a year – once in the spring and once in the fall. And let me tell you, I've found some weird stuff up there. Once, I found a tennis ball. I don't even own a tennis racket! Life's full of mysteries.

Here's another pro tip: trim those trees! Overhanging branches are like an all-you-can-eat buffet for your roof, constantly dropping leaves, twigs, and other debris. Plus, they provide shade, which is great for picnics but terrible for preventing algae growth. I learned this lesson when a particularly enthusiastic oak tree turned my roof into its compost bin.

Oh, and let's remember ventilation. A well-ventilated attic is like a good deodorant for your roof – it keeps things dry and less stinky. Poor ventilation can lead to moisture buildup, sending engraved invitations to mold and mildew. Trust me, those are house guests you don't want.

Now, I know what you're thinking – “This sounds like a lot of work!” And you're right, it is. But think of it like going to the dentist. Regular maintenance saves you from a world of pain (and expense). Plus, it's a great excuse to wave at your neighbors and pretend you're king of the castle. Just me? Okay, moving on.

One last thing – keep an eye on your shingles. If they start curling, cracking, or missing like socks in a dryer, it's time to call in the pros. There's DIY, and then “Don't Try This, You'll Break Your Neck.” Please be sure to know the difference.

So there you have it, folks! The secret to keeping your roof spotless is no secret at all. It's just good old-fashioned TLC with vigilance and a sprinkle of elbow grease. Remember, a stitch in time saves nine, and a clean roof saves a lot more than nine. It saves you from leaks, mold, and the embarrassment of having the shabbiest roof on the block.

Now go forth and keep that roof shining! And hey, if all else fails, you can always move to a place without roofs. I hear caves are lovely this time of year. Just kidding – stick with the maintenance; it's easier than learning to speak bat.

Conclusion:

And there you have it, folks! Your ticket to a roof that'll make the neighbors green with envy. Remember, a clean roof isn't just about curb appeal – it's about protecting your home and extending the life of those shingles. So grab your gear, follow these simple steps, and get ready to see your home in a new light. Trust me, once you see the before and after, you'll wonder why you didn't DIY softwash your roof sooner. Now go forth and conquer that grime – your roof will thank you!

Frequently Asked Questions: DIY Softwashing Your Shingled Roof

1. Is softwashing safe for all types of roofs?

Softwashing is a safe and effective method for cleaning various roofing materials, including asphalt shingles, tile, metal, and cedar shakes. If you're unsure, it's always a good idea to check with your roof manufacturer or a professional. Some older or damaged roofs may require special care, but in general, softwashing is a reliable and safe option.

2. How often should I softwash my roof?

For most homes, soft washing your roof once a year is sufficient. However, if you live in a particularly humid or shaded area, you might need to clean more frequently. Look for signs of algae or moss growth, which indicate it's time for a cleaning.

3. Can I use a pressure washer instead of softwashing?

It's crucial to avoid using a pressure washer on your roof. The high pressure can cause severe damage to shingles, strip away protective granules, and even lead to leaks. Softwashing, on the other hand, uses low-pressure and specialized cleaning solutions, making it a much safer option for your roof.

4. What should I do if I find damaged shingles while cleaning?

If you notice any damaged, curling, or missing shingles during cleaning, it's crucial to stop and consult a professional roofer. Continuing to clean could worsen the damage. A professional can assess the extent of the damage and recommend the best course of action, ensuring your roof is in good hands.

5. Is the cleaning solution used in softwashing safe for the environment?

Softwashing solutions are generally safe for the environment when mixed and used correctly. However, protecting your plants and grass is crucial by covering them with plastic sheeting. Also, ensure that the runoff does not flow directly into storm drains or water sources. Always follow local regulations regarding chemical use and disposal to ensure environmental safety.

Remember, it's always best to consult a professional if you need clarification on any aspect of softwashing your roof. Your roof is a significant investment; proper care will extend its lifespan and protect your home. Professional advice can help you avoid potential risks associated with DIY softwashing.